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Unscaled How A.I. and a New Generation of Upstarts are Creating the Economy of the Future

'A thought-provoking look at the technology that is changing the world of business and the benefits, pitfalls, and challenges for society as a whole.' - Kenneth I. Chenault, former chief executive officer, American Express CompanyThroughout the twentieth century, technology and economics drove a dominant logic: bigger was almost always better. It was smart to scale up - to take advantage of classic economies of scale.But in the unscaled economy, size and scale have become a liability. Today's most successful companies - Uber, Airbnb, Amazon, Salesforce - have defied the traditional 'economies of scale' approach by renting scale instead of spending vast amounts of money building it. And a new generation of upstarts is using artificial intelligence to automate tasks that once required expens